Article information
Abstract
The coinfection of HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and their vertical transmission constitute a public health problem in sub-Saharan countries of Africa. The objectives of this research are: i) identify the pregnant women that are coinfected by HIV and HBV at Saint Camille Medical Centre; ii) use three antiretroviral drugs (zidovudine, nevirapine and lamivudine) to interrupt the vertical transmission of HIV and HBV from infected mothers; and iii) use the PCR technique to diagnose children who are vertically infected by these viruses in order to offer them an early medical assistance. At Saint Camille Medical Centre, 115 pregnant women, aged from 19 to 41 years, were diagnosed as HIV-positive and, among them, 14 coinfected with HBV. They had at least 32 weeks of amenorrhoea and all of them received the HAART, which contained lamivudine. Two to six months after childbirth, the babies underwent PCR diagnosis for HIV and HBV. The results revealed that, among these mothers, 64.4% were housewives, 36.5% were illiterates, and only 1.7% had a university degree. The rate of vertical transmission of HIV and HBV was 0.0% (0/115) and 21.4% (3/14), respectively. The 3 mothers who transmitted the HBV to their children had all HBsAg, HbeAg, and HBV DNA positive. An antiretroviral therapy that in addition to zidovudine and nevirapine includes lamivudine could, as in the present study, block or reduce the vertical transmission in HIV positive pregnant women who are coinfected with HBV.
Keywords:
pregnant women
HIV
HBV
MTCT
lamivudine
HAART
Burkina Faso
Full text is only available in PDF
References
[1.]
J. Simpore, V. Pietra, S. Pignatelli, et al.
Effective program against mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso.
J Med Virol, 79 (2007), pp. 873-879
[2.]
Grégoire LJ, Auregan G, Van Renterghem H. Epidemic of the HIV/AIDS: diagnoses and operational answers. http://www.pnud.bf/.
[3.]
S. Ranger-Rogez, S. Alain, F. Denis.
Hepatitis viruses: mother-tochild transmission.
Pathol Biol (Paris), 50 (2002), pp. 568-575
[4.]
N. Meda, P. Msellati, C. Welffens-Ekra, et al.
The reduction of mother-child transmission of HIV infection in developing countries: potential intervention strategies, obstacles to implementation and perspectives. The reduction of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in Africa group.
Sante, 7 (1997), pp. 115-125
[5.]
F. Shaheen, A.V. Sison, L. McIntosh, M. Mukhtar, R.J.J. Pomerantz.
Analysis of HIV-1 in the cervicovaginal secretions and blood of pregnant and nonpregnant women.
J Hum Virol, 2 (1999), pp. 154-166
[6.]
X. Tian, J. Li, Z.M. My, C. Zhao, D.F. Wan, Y.M. Wen.
Role of hepatitis B surface antigen in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: regulation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 28 (2009), pp. 58
[7.]
F.X. Troillet, N. Halkic, F. Froehlich, et al.
Complications of liver cirrhosis: oesophageal varices, ascites and hepato-cellular carcinoma.
Rev Med Suisse, 1 (2005), pp. 249-250
[8.]
D. Candotti, K. Danso, J.P. Allain.
Materno fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus genotype E in Ghana, West Africa.
J Gen Virol, 88 (2007), pp. 2686-2695
[9.]
R.J. Burnett, J.M. Ngobeni, G. François, A.A. Hoosen, et al.
Increased exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive South African antenatal women.
Int J STD AIDS, 18 (2007), pp. 152-156
[10.]
D. Ilboudo, D. Karou, W.M. Nadembega, et al.
Prevalence of human herpes virus-8 and hepatitis B virus among HIV seropositive pregnant women enrolled in the Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Prevention Program at Saint Camille Medical Center in Burkina Faso.
Pak J Biol Sci, 10 (2007), pp. 2831-2837
[11.]
Y.I. Maiga, M. Marjolet, A. Ag Rhaly, J. Pillot.
Transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother with child in Bamako-Mali.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 85 (1992), pp. 5-9
[12.]
S. Yang, M. Liu, L. Wang.
Effect of high viral hepatitis B virus DNA loads on vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in late-pregnant women.
Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 43 (2008), pp. 329-331
[13.]
T. Shen, X.M. Yan, Y.L. Zou, J.M. Gao, H. Dong.
Virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus in patients infected via maternal-fetal transmission.
World J Gastroenterol, 14 (2008), pp. 5674-5682
[14.]
T.J. Nagu, M. Bakari, M. Matee.
Hepatitis A, B and C viral co-infections among HIV-infected adults presenting for care and treatment at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
BMC Public Health, 8 (2008), pp. 416
[15.]
S. Koblavi-Dème, C. Maurice, D. Yavo, et al.
Sensitivity and specificity of human immunodeficiency virus rapid serologic assays and testing algorithms in an antenatal clinic in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
J Microbiol covering joint, 39 (2001), pp. 1808-1812
[16.]
J. Medrano, V. Soriano.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Med Clin (Barc), 132 (2009), pp. 505-506
[17.]
V. Soriano, M. Peters, J. Rockstroh.
Fourth HIV & Hepatitis Coinfection Workshop.
HIV Clin Trials, 10 (2009), pp. 52-62
[18.]
J. Simpore, A. Savadogo, D. Ilboudo, et al.
Toxoplasma gondii, HCV, and HBV seroprevalence and co-infection among HIV-positive and - negative pregnant women in Burkina Faso.
J Med Virol, 78 (2006), pp. 730-733
[19.]
M.M. Deschamps, F. Noel, J. Bonhomme, J.G. Dévieux, et al.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Haiti.
Rev Panam Salud Pública, 25 (2009), pp. 24-30
[20.]
A. Sall Diallo, M. Sarr, Y. Fall, C. Diagne, M.O. Kane.
Hepatitis B infection in infantile population off Senegal.
Dakar Med, 49 (2004), pp. 136-142
[21.]
A. Mahboob, T.S. Haroon, Z. Iqbal, M.A. Saleemi, A. Munir.
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state in patients with lichen planus-report of 200 cases from Lahore, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 19 (2007), pp. 68-70
[22.]
M.R. Rivera-López, C. Zavala-Méndez, A. Arenas-Esqueda.
Prevalence for seropositivity for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in blood donors.
Gac Med Mex, 140 (2004), pp. 657-660
[23.]
M. Tiruneh.
Seroprevalence of multiple sexually transmitted infections among antenatal clinic attendees in Gondar Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia.
Ethiop Med J, 46 (2008), pp. 359-366
[24.]
M. Jain, A. Chakravarti, V. Verma, P. Bhalla.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 52 (2009), pp. 17-19
[25.]
D. Ilboudo, A. Sawadogo, J. Simpore.
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Med Trop (Mars), 62 (2002), pp. 99-101
[26.]
J.A. Otegbayo, B.O. Taiwo, T.S. Akingbola, et al.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C seropositivity in a Nigerian cohort of HIV-infected patients.
Ann Hepatol, 7 (2008), pp. 152-156
[27.]
A. Bălan, N.R. Beldescu, R. Popa.
The prevalence of viral hepatitis B in pregnant women in an area of southern Romania.
Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol, 43 (1998), pp. 254-260
[28.]
A. Lukhwareni, R.J. Burnett, S.G. Selabe, M.O. Mzileni, M.J. Mphahlele.
Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a Tertiary Hospital.
J Med Virol, 81 (2009), pp. 406-412
[29.]
M.G. Pessôa, B. Gazzard, A.K. Huang, et al.
Efficacy and safety of entecavir for chronic HBV in HIV/HBV coinfected patients receiving lamivudine as part of antiretroviral therapy.
AIDS, 22 (2008), pp. 1779-1787
[30.]
N.W. Leung, C.L. Lai, T.T. Chang, et al.
Asia Hepatitis Lamivudine Study Group. Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: results after 3 years of therapy.
Hepatology, 33 (2001), pp. 1527-1532
[31.]
Y. Benhamou, M. Bochet, V. Thibault, et al.
Long-term incidence of hepatitis B virus resistance to lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Hepatology, 30 (1999), pp. 1302-1306
[32.]
H.M. Xu, Y.L. Qing, M.L. Peng, N. Ling, H. Ren.
Relationship between the different replication status of HBV and mutations in the core promoter in mothers and their children infected via mother-to-infant transmission.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2 (2003), pp. 557-561
[33.]
E. Wiseman, M.A. Fraser, S. Holden, et al.
Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: an Australian experience.
Med J Aust, 190 (2009), pp. 489-492
[34.]
L.H. Lima, M.C. Viana.
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HTLV-I/II infection in low-income postpartum and pregnant women in Greater Metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Cad Saúde Pública, 25 (2009), pp. 668-676
[35.]
F.D. Koedijk, E.L. op de Coul, H.J. Boot, M.J. van de Laar.
Hepatitis B surveillance in the Netherlands, 2002-2005: acute infection is mainly via sexual contact while chronic infection is via vertical transmission through mothers from endemic regions.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 151 (2007), pp. 2389-2394
Copyright © 2010. Elsevier Editora Ltda.. All rights reserved
