Risk factors related to hypertension among patients in a cohort living with HIV/AIDS

de Arruda Junior, Evanizio Roque; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos; Vilela Moura, Libia Cristina Rocha; de Albuquerque, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militão; de Barros Miranda Filho, Democrito; Nunes Diniz, George Tadeu; de Albuquerque, Valeria Maria Gonçalves; Zirpoli Amaral, Josefina Cláudia; de Arraes Ximenes, Ricardo Alencar; Monteiro, Verônica Soares

doi:10.1016/S1413-8670(10)70057-X

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Abstract

Introduction

Studies disagree as to whether there is a greater prevalence of hypertension among HIV/AIDS patients and the role of antiretroviral therapy.

Objective

Evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in a cohort of HIV-infected patients, with emphasis on antiretroviral therapy.

Method

Case-control study conducted at baseline of a cohort, between June/2007 and December/2008 in Pernambuco/Brazil. Blood pressure was classified as normal, prehypertension, and hypertension.

Results

Of 958 patients, 245 (25.6%) had hypertension (cases), 325 (33.9%) had prehypertension, and 388 (40.5%) were normotensive (controls). Comparison between hypertensive and normotensive patients showed that traditional factors, such as age > 40 (OR = 3.06, CI = 1.91- 4.97), male gender (OR = 1.85, CI = 1.15-3.01), BMI > 25 (OR = 5.51, CI = 3.36-9.17), and triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (OR = 1.69, CI = 1.05-2.71), were independently associated with hypertension. Duration of antiretroviral therapy and CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 were associated with hypertension in univariate analysis, but did not remain in final model. Type of antiretroviral schema and lipodystrophy showed no association with hypertension.

Conclusion

Hypertension in HIV/AIDS patients is partially linked to invariable factors, such as age and sex. Efforts should be directed toward controlling reversible factors, particularly excessive weight gain and unsuitable diet.

Keywords:

HIV/AIDS

hypertension

antiretroviral therapy

cardiovascular risk

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