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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
La Mucoviscidose
Pages 284-288 (May - June 2012)
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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
La Mucoviscidose
Pages 284-288 (May - June 2012)
Open Access
Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia
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Suharni Mohamada,
Corresponding author
suharni5780@gmail.com

Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Health Campus, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
, Zakuan Zainy Derisa, Nik Khairulddin Yusoffb, Tg Ahmad Akram Tg Mohd Ariffina, Rafidah Hanim Shueba
a Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
b Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Abstract

Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected children. However, development of ARV resistance in these children is a major public health problem due to lack of availability of and access to new drugs. This study was conducted in order to identify circulating HIV subtypes and recombinant forms and evaluate the drug resistance mutation patterns in 18 HIV-1 infected children failing ARV treatment in Kelantan, Malaysia. Genotyping for codon 1–99 of protease (PR) and 1–250 of reverse transcriptase (RT) were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Subsequently, these were phylogenetically analyzed to determine the subtypes. CRF33_01B (44.4%) was found to be the predominant HIV subtype, followed by B (27.8%), CRF15_01B (16.7%) and CRF01_AE (11.1%) subtypes. The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance. The results showed a possible emergence of CRF33_01B as current predominant subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and a high frequency of primary mutations among HIV-1 infected children after failure of ARV therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Keywords:
HIV-1 subtype
Resistance mutation
Children
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