ReviewIvermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug
Graphical abstract
Ivermectin has powerful antitumor effects, including the inhibition of proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenic activity, in a variety of cancer cells. This may be related to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways by ivermectin through PAK1 kinase. On the other hand, ivermectin promotes programmed cancer cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Ivermectin induces apoptosis and autophagy is mutually regulated. Interestingly, ivermectin can also inhibit tumor stem cells and reverse multidrug resistance and exerts the optimal effect when used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Abbreviations
ASC
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
ALCAR
acetyl-L-carnitine
CSCs
Cancer stem cells
DAMP
Damage-associated molecular pattern
EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
EMT
Epithelial mesenchymal-transition
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GSDMD
Gasdermin D
HBV
Hepatitis B virus
HCV
Hepatitis C virus
HER2
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HMGB1
High mobility group box-1 protein
HSP27
Heat shock protein 27
LD50
median lethal dose
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
IVM
Ivermectin
MDR
Multidrug resistance
NAC
N-acetyl-L-cysteine
OCT-4
Octamer-binding protein 4
PAK1
P-21-activated kinases 1
PAMP
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PARP
poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase
P-gp
P-glycoprotein
PRR
pattern recognition receptor
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
SID
SIN3-interaction domain
siRNA
small interfering RNA
SOX-2
SRY-box 2
TNBC
Triple-negative breast cancer
YAP1
Yes-associated protein 1
Chemical compounds reviewed in this article
ivermectin(PubChem CID:6321424)
avermectin(PubChem CID:6434889)
selamectin(PubChem CID:9578507)
doramectin(PubChem CID:9832750)
moxidectin(PubChem CID:9832912)
Keywords
ivermectin
cancer
drug repositioning
Cited by (0)
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These authors contributed equally.
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