Acute cor pulmonale due to lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in a child with AIDS

Moreira-Silva, Sandra Fagundes; Moreno, Linda Marly C.; Dazzi, Mariana; Caiafa Freire, Consuelo Maria; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa

doi:10.1016/S1413-8670(12)70326-4

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1413-8670

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases is the official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI). It aims to publish relevant articles in the broadest sense on all aspects of microbiology, infectious diseases and immune response to infectious agents.
The BJID is a bimonthly publication and one of the most influential journals in its field in Brazil and Latin America with a high impact factor. Since its inception it has garnered a growing share of the publishing market.

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A five-year-old male, infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was admitted at the division of infectious diseases of this hospital with cough, tachydyspnea, fever, and breathing difficulty. Computed tomography scan showed ground-glass opacities, cystic lesions, and bronchiectasis. The patient had nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and keeled chest. Abdomen was depressible; liver was 3cm from the right-costal border, while spleen was 6cm from the left-costal border. Echocardiogram examinations showed signs of acute cor pulmonale characterized by pulmonary hypertension and increased right-heart chamber dimensions.

Diagnostics outcome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-B3, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), and acute cor pulmonale. Regressions of pulmonary hypertension and of right-heart chamber were observed after 30 days of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chloroquine therapy.

Conclusion

AIDS should be considered in children with recurrent pneumonia that is mostly associated with LIP rather than cystic fibrosis.

Keywords:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Adult

Children

Respiratory tract infections

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